Hydrophobic and Metal-Coordinated Confinement Effects Trigger Recognition and Selectivity

J Org Chem. 2021 Jul 2;86(13):8873-8881. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00794. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Abstract

We report the synthesis and characterization of a new water-soluble cavitand 1. The container features 2-aminobenzimidazole panels at the "rim" and pyridiniums at the "feet". In the solid state, a single-crystal X-ray structure of the organic-soluble precursor 2 showed a stable vase form. The structure is stabilized by hydrogen-bonded bridges between adjacent panels through solvents and ions. In aqueous solution, binding of hydrophobic and amphiphilic guest molecules to 1 was investigated using 1H NMR. Alkanes, alcohols, acids, diols, and diacids formed 1:1 host-guest complexes, and the guest conformations were deduced from characteristic chemical shift changes. In the presence of [Pd(ethylenediamine)(H2O)2·2NO3], cavitand 1 formed a complex incorporating two metals. The metal-coordinated cavitand also bound hydrophobic linear alkanes and difluorobenzene isomers in aqueous medium. The metallo-cavitand showed shape and size selectivity and was used to separate o-difluorobenzene from its isomers as observed by 19F NMR spectroscopy. The primary amino function of the cavitands offers possibilities for further elaboration to covalent clusters of these container compounds.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Water*

Substances

  • Water