Objective: To observe the efficacy of macular buckling in the treatment of highly myopic traction maculopathy. Methods: Retrospective case series study. The patients with high myopia who underwent macular buckling at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2014 to June 2019 were enrolled, including 136 males and 212 females. The age was (56.68±11.59) years old. The outcomes measured included retinal reattachment rate, foveoschisis recovery rate, macular hole closure rate, postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), axial length (AL), and complications. The measurements were recorded preoperatively and at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years postoperatively. The data was statistically analyzed using paired t test. Results: A total of 378 eyes were included, including 216 eyes with foveoschisis and macular detachment and 162 eyes with macular holes and macular detachment. Among them, 296 eyes underwent macular buckling, and the other 82 eyes underwent macular buckling combined with pars plana vitrectomy. During the follow-up period, 373 eyes (98.68%) achieved retinal reattachment; in patients with foveoschisis, 204 eyes (94.44%) were recovered; in patients with macular holes, 89 eyes (54.09%) achieved closure. All the postoperative results of BCVA were better than the preoperative value (1.459±0.841). BCVA continued to increase from postoperative month 1, remained stable at 1 year, and reached 0.908±0.606 at 3 years (t=6.896, P<0.01). All the postoperative results of AL were shorter than the preoperative value. The AL shortened by (4.423±1.740)mm at one month (t=33.144, P<0.01), increased gradually thereafter, remained stable at 1 year, and shortened by (2.101±1.643) mm at three years (t=6.392, P<0.01). The common complications included transient high intraocular pressure in 98 eyes (25.92%), epiretinal hemorrhage in 67 eyes (17.72%), and vitreous hemorrhage in 9 eyes (2.38%), which all resolved spontaneously within 1 month. In the early postoperative period, all patients had a certain degree of eye movement limitation, and 39 eyes (10.31%) had diplopia which resolved within 6 months without treatment. The strabismus surgery was arranged to treat esotropia in 6 eyes (1.58%). The macular buckle was removed from 1 eye (0.26%) because of the inability to tolerate diplopia. There were 8 eyes (2.11%) requiring a second operation to adjust the position of the buckle. The macular buckle was also removed from 4 eyes (1.05%) due to the implant rejection. Conclusion: Macular buckling can effectively shorten the AL, resolve posterior scleral staphyloma, and improve vision in the treatment of highly myopic traction maculopathy. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 433-439).
目的： 探讨黄斑扣带术治疗高度近视眼牵拉性黄斑病变的有效性及安全性。 方法： 回顾性系列病例研究。纳入2014年6月至2019年6月在中山大学中山眼科中心行黄斑扣带术的高度近视眼患者348例（378只眼），其中男性136例，女性212例；年龄（56.68±11.59）岁。主要观察指标为眼内解剖学结构恢复情况，包括视网膜脱离复位率、劈裂腔恢复率、黄斑裂孔闭合率；次要指标为最佳矫正视力（BCVA）和眼轴长度。记录术前及术后1个月、6个月、1年、2年、3年的随访结果。使用配对t检验对数据进行统计学分析。 结果： 378只眼中黄斑劈裂伴黄斑区视网膜脱离216只眼，黄斑裂孔伴黄斑区视网膜脱离162只眼。296只眼行单纯黄斑扣带术，82只眼行黄斑扣带术联合玻璃体切除术。随访期间373只眼（98.68%）视网膜复位；在黄斑劈裂眼中，204只眼（94.44%）劈裂腔恢复；在黄斑裂孔眼中，89只眼（54.09%）裂孔闭合。BCVA的术后随访结果均优于术前，从术后1个月至术后1年持续提升，随后保持稳定，最终从术前的1.459±0.841的提升至术后3年的0.908±0.606（t=6.896，P<0.01）。眼轴长度的术后随访结果均短于术前，术后1个月较术前缩短（4.423±1.740）mm（t=33.144，P<0.01），术后1个月至术后1年眼轴长度逐渐增长，随后保持稳定，术后3年眼轴长度较术前缩短（2.101±1.643）mm（t=6.392，P<0.01）。术后常见并发症有短暂性高眼压98只眼（25.92%）、视网膜表面出血67只眼（17.72%）、玻璃体积血9只眼（2.38%），术后1个月内均自行缓解。术后早期所有患者都存在一定程度的眼球运动受限，39只眼（10.31%）出现双眼复视，术后6个月内基本自行缓解。6只眼（1.58%）因内斜视角度较大行斜视手术矫正眼位，1只眼（0.26%）因无法耐受复视取出黄斑扣带，8只眼（2.11%）由于黄斑扣带偏位，需要二次手术调整扣带位置。4只眼（1.05%）由于免疫排斥反应取出黄斑扣带。 结论： 黄斑扣带术可以有效改善高度近视眼引起的视网膜脱离、黄斑劈裂以及黄斑裂孔，术后眼轴缩短，视力提升。黄斑扣带术治疗高度近视眼牵拉性黄斑病变安全性较好。（中华眼科杂志，2021，57：433-439）.