Assessment of pesticide residues in waters and soils of a vineyard region and its temporal evolution

Diana P Manjarres-López; M Soledad Andrades; Sara Sánchez-González; M Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz; María J Sánchez-Martín; Eliseo Herrero-Hernández

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117463

Assessment of pesticide residues in waters and soils of a vineyard region and its temporal evolution

Environ Pollut. 2021 Sep 1:284:117463. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117463. Epub 2021 May 28.

Authors

Diana P Manjarres-López¹, M Soledad Andrades¹, Sara Sánchez-González², M Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz³, María J Sánchez-Martín⁴, Eliseo Herrero-Hernández⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Agriculture and Food. University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
² European University Miguel de Cervantes, Padre Julio Chevalier 2, 47012, Valladolid, Spain.
³ Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
⁴ Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008, Salamanca, Spain. Electronic address: mjesus.sanchez@irnasa.csic.es.
⁵ Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science. University of Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.

PMID: 34090253
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117463

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture practices and integrated pest management for avoiding environmental pollution are necessary to maintain a high yield in vineyard areas. Pesticide residues in groundwater in a vineyard area of La Rioja (Spain) have been evaluated in previous years, and they could now have varied after farmers have adopted the different measures recommended. Accordingly, this research's objectives were (i) to evaluate the occurrence and seasonal distribution (spring, summer, and autumn samplings) of pesticides (36) plus their degradation products (DP) (11) in water and soil samples (23 + 15) in La Rioja (Northern Spain), and (ii) to compare the current water quality (2019) with that determined previously (2011). A multi-residue method based on solid phase extraction (for water samples) or solid liquid extraction (for soil samples) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used to determine and quantify pesticides. The results reveal the presence in waters of 30 compounds from those selected (15 fungicides + 2 DP, 7 insecticides + 1 DP, and 3 herbicides +2 DP), with 14 of them at concentrations > 0.1 μg L^-1 (water quality threshold for human consumption). The highest number of compounds was detected in summer (waters) and spring (soils). The pesticides most frequently detected in water samples were the fungicides metalaxyl, tebuconazole, and boscalid, with the last one being the compound found in the highest number of soil samples. The comparison of water pollution in 2011 and 2019 indicates a significant decrease in the total concentration of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides in 95-100%, 76-90%, and 42-85% of samples in the three campaigns, respectively. The results indicate that an optimized and sustainable use of pesticides in intensive and high-yield agricultural areas could reduce environmental pollution.

Keywords: Environmental pollution; Pesticide residues; Seasonal and temporal change; Vineyard area.

MeSH terms

Agriculture
Environmental Monitoring
Farms
Humans
Pesticide Residues* / analysis
Pesticides* / analysis
Soil
Spain
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / analysis

Substances

Pesticide Residues
Pesticides
Soil
Water Pollutants, Chemical