Stanozolol-N-glucuronide metabolites in human urine samples as suitable targets in terms of routine anti-doping analysis

Drug Test Anal. 2021 Sep;13(9):1668-1677. doi: 10.1002/dta.3109. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Abstract

The exogenous anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) stanozolol stays one of the most detected substances in professional sports. Its detection is a fundamental part of doping analysis, and the analysis of this steroid has been intensively investigated for a long time. This contribution to the detection of stanozolol doping describes for the first time the unambiguous proof for the existence of 17-epistanozolol-1'N-glucuronide and 17-epistanozolol-2'N-glucuronide in stanozolol-positive human urine samples due to the access to high-quality reference standards. Examination of excretion study samples shows large detection windows for the phase-II metabolites stanozolol-1'N-glucuronide and 17-epistanozolol-1'N-glucuronide up to 12 days and respectively up to almost 28 days. In addition, we present appropriate validation parameters for the analysis of these metabolites using a fully automatic method online solid-phase extraction (SPE) method already published before. Limits of identification (LOIs) as low as 100 pg/ml and other validation parameters like accuracy, precision, sensitivity, robustness, and linearity are given.

Keywords: anabolic androgenic steroids; glucuronide; high-resolution mass spectrometry; phase-II metabolite; stanozolol.

Publication types

  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Anabolic Agents / analysis*
  • Anabolic Agents / metabolism
  • Anabolic Agents / urine
  • Doping in Sports / prevention & control*
  • Female
  • Glucuronides / analysis
  • Glucuronides / urine
  • Humans
  • Limit of Detection
  • Male
  • Solid Phase Extraction / methods
  • Stanozolol / analysis*
  • Stanozolol / metabolism
  • Stanozolol / urine
  • Substance Abuse Detection / methods*
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Anabolic Agents
  • Glucuronides
  • Stanozolol