Short-lived detection of an introduced vertebrate eDNA signal in a nearshore rocky reef environment

PLoS One. 2021 Jun 4;16(6):e0245314. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245314. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is increasingly used to measure biodiversity of marine ecosystems, yet key aspects of the temporal dynamics of eDNA remain unknown. Of particular interest is in situ persistence of eDNA signals in dynamic marine environments, as eDNA degradation rates have predominantly been quantified through mesocosm studies. To determine in situ eDNA residence times, we introduced an eDNA signal from a non-native fish into a protected bay of a Southern California rocky reef ecosystem, and then measured changes in both introduced and background eDNA signals across a fixed transect over 96 hours. Foreign eDNA signal was no longer detected only 7.5 hours after introduction, a time substantially shorter than the multi-day persistence times in laboratory studies. Moreover, the foreign eDNA signal spread along the entire 38 m transect within 1.5 hours after introduction, indicating that transport and diffusion play a role in eDNA detectability even in protected low energy marine environments. Similarly, native vertebrate eDNA signals varied greatly over the 96 hours of observation as well as within two additional nearby fixed transects sampled over 120 hours. While community structure did significantly change across time of day and tidal direction, neither accounted for the majority of observed variation. Combined, results show that both foreign and native eDNA signatures can exhibit substantial temporal heterogeneity, even on hourly time scales. Further work exploring eDNA decay from lagrangian perspective and quantifying effects of sample and technical replication are needed to better understand temporal variation of eDNA signatures in nearshore marine environments.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation of Natural Resources / methods
  • DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / methods
  • DNA, Environmental / genetics*
  • Ecosystem
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods
  • Vertebrates / genetics*

Substances

  • DNA, Environmental

Associated data

  • Dryad/10.5068/D1SQ3K

Grants and funding

ZG received the following awards to fund this research: National Geographic Young Explorer Grant (992916, https://www.nationalgeographic.org/funding-opportunities/grants/); Catalyst Grant: UC Conservation Genomics Consortium (CA-16-376437, no website); and Resources Legacy Fund Foundation (12481, https://resourceslegacyfund.org/). Z.G. were supported by the US-NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, grant number DEG No. 1650604 (https://www.nsfgrfp.org/). TE received the UCLA Whitcome Research Undergraduate Summer Fellowship (no grant number or website) to help fund this research. None of the funders played a role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.