SNX-3 mediates retromer-independent tubular endosomal recycling by opposing EEA-1-facilitated trafficking

PLoS Genet. 2021 Jun 3;17(6):e1009607. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009607. eCollection 2021 Jun.

Abstract

Early endosomes are the sorting hub on the endocytic pathway, wherein sorting nexins (SNXs) play important roles for formation of the distinct membranous microdomains with different sorting functions. Tubular endosomes mediate the recycling of clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) cargoes back toward the plasma membrane. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the tubule formation is still poorly understood. Here we screened the effect on the ARF-6-associated CIE recycling endosomal tubules for all the SNX members in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). We identified SNX-3 as an essential factor for generation of the recycling tubules. The loss of SNX-3 abolishes the interconnected tubules in the intestine of C. elegans. Consequently, the surface and total protein levels of the recycling CIE protein hTAC are strongly decreased. Unexpectedly, depletion of the retromer components VPS-26/-29/-35 has no similar effect, implying that the retromer trimer is dispensable in this process. We determined that hTAC is captured by the ESCRT complex and transported into the lysosome for rapid degradation in snx-3 mutants. Interestingly, EEA-1 is increasingly recruited on early endosomes and localized to the hTAC-containing structures in snx-3 mutant intestines. We also showed that SNX3 and EEA1 compete with each other for binding to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate enriching early endosomes in Hela cells. Our data demonstrate for the first time that PX domain-only C. elegans SNX-3 organizes the tubular endosomes for efficient recycling and retrieves the CIE cargo away from the maturing sorting endosomes by competing with EEA-1 for binding to the early endosomes. However, our results call into question how SNX-3 couples the cargo capture and membrane remodeling in the absence of the retromer trimer complex.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6
  • ADP-Ribosylation Factors / genetics*
  • ADP-Ribosylation Factors / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Biological Transport
  • Caenorhabditis elegans / cytology
  • Caenorhabditis elegans / genetics*
  • Caenorhabditis elegans / metabolism
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / genetics*
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / metabolism
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / genetics
  • Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / metabolism
  • Endosomes / metabolism*
  • Epithelial Cells / cytology
  • Epithelial Cells / metabolism*
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Intestines / cytology
  • Lysosomes / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / metabolism
  • Protein Isoforms / genetics
  • Protein Isoforms / metabolism
  • Proteolysis
  • Signal Transduction
  • Sorting Nexins / deficiency
  • Sorting Nexins / genetics*
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins / genetics*
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
  • Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport
  • Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates
  • Protein Isoforms
  • SNX-3 protein, C elegans
  • Sorting Nexins
  • VPS-35 protein, C elegans
  • Vesicular Transport Proteins
  • arf-6 protein, C elegans
  • early endosome antigen 1
  • phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
  • ADP-Ribosylation Factors
  • ARF6 protein, human

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91954107) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571468) to RZ. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.