Biosynthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Petroselinum crispum Leaf Extract Mitigate Lead-Acetate-Induced Anemia in Male Albino Rats: Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Features

Sabry M El-Bahr; Amal M Elbakery; Nashwa El-Gazzar; Aziza A Amin; Saad Al-Sultan; Mohamed A Alfattah; Saad Shousha; Sameer Alhojaily; Mohammad Shathele; Islam I Sabeq; Ahlam F Hamouda

doi:10.3390/toxics9060123

Biosynthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Petroselinum crispum Leaf Extract Mitigate Lead-Acetate-Induced Anemia in Male Albino Rats: Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Features

Toxics. 2021 May 31;9(6):123. doi: 10.3390/toxics9060123.

Authors

Sabry M El-Bahr^{1

2}, Amal M Elbakery³, Nashwa El-Gazzar⁴, Aziza A Amin⁵, Saad Al-Sultan⁶, Mohamed A Alfattah⁷, Saad Shousha^{1

8}, Sameer Alhojaily¹, Mohammad Shathele⁹, Islam I Sabeq¹⁰, Ahlam F Hamouda¹¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21523, Egypt.
³ Department of Maize and Sugar Crop Disease Research, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12622, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
⁵ Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt.
⁶ Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt.
⁹ Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Department of Food Control and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt.
¹¹ Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) prepared from leaf extract of Petroselinum crispum compared to those prepared using a chemical method in lead-acetate-induced anemic rats. Twenty rats were divided into four groups (five rats each). Throughout the experimental period (8 weeks), the rats in group 1 were not given any therapy. The rats in groups 2, 3 and 4 were given 400 ppm lead acetate orally for 2 weeks to make them anemic. Following that, these rats were either left untreated, given 27 ppm of chemical IONPs orally or given 27 ppm of natural IONPs orally for the remaining 6 weeks of the experiment. TEM analysis indicated that the chemically and naturally prepared IONPs had sizes of 6.22-9.7 and 64-68 nm, respectively. Serum ferritin and iron concentrations were reduced, whereas the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), ALT, AST, urea and creatinine were significantly increased in the non-treated lead-acetate-induced anemic rats compared to those of the control. In addition, congestion, hemorrhage, necrosis, vacuolation and leukocytic infiltration in the kidneys, liver and spleen were observed in non-treated lead-acetate-induced anemic rats compared to the control. The effects of lead acetate were mitigated by IONPs, particularly the natural one. In conclusion, IONPs produced from Petroselinum crispum leaf extract can be used as an efficient and safe therapy in lead-acetate-induced anemic rats.

Keywords: Petroselinum crispum; anemia; lead acetate; nanoparticles; rats.