Recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy, as well as diseased condition. Various organs and systems, including the kidney, are affected by the gut microbiota. While the impacts of the gut microbiota have been reported mainly on chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury (AKI) is also affected by the intestinal environment. In this review, we discussed the pathogenesis of AKI, highlighting the relation to the gut microbiota. Since there is no established treatment for AKI, new treatments for AKI are highly desired. Some kinds of gut bacteria and their metabolites reportedly have protective effects against AKI. Current studies provide new insights into the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AKI.
Keywords: D-amino acid; acute kidney injury; gut microbiota.