Epoxy-fatty acids (EpFAs) are endogenous lipid mediators that have a large breadth of biological activities, including the regulation of blood pressure, inflammation, angiogenesis, and pain perception. For the past 20 years, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has been recognized as the primary enzyme for degrading EpFAs in vivo. The sEH converts EpFAs to the generally less biologically active 1,2-diols, which are quickly eliminated from the body. Thus, inhibitors of sEH are being developed as potential drug therapeutics for various diseases including neuropathic pain. Recent findings suggest that other epoxide hydrolases (EHs) such as microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) and epoxide hydrolase-3 (EH3) can contribute significantly to the in vivo metabolism of EpFAs. In this study, we used two complementary approaches to probe the relative importance of sEH, mEH, and EH3 in 15 human tissue extracts: hydrolysis of 14,15-EET and 13,14-EDP using selective inhibitors and protein quantification. The sEH hydrolyzed the majority of EpFAs in all of the tissues investigated, mEH hydrolyzed a significant portion of EpFAs in several tissues, whereas no significant role in EpFAs metabolism was observed for EH3. Our findings indicate that residual mEH activity could limit the therapeutic efficacy of sEH inhibition in certain organs.
Keywords: cardiovascular disease; epoxide hydrolase; epoxy-fatty acid; inflammation; pain.