Dental Implants with a Calcium Ions-Modified Surface and Platelet Concentrates for the Rehabilitation of Medically Compromised Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up

Marco Mozzati; Giorgia Gallesio; Giulio Menicucci; Carlo Manzella; Margherita Tumedei; Massimo Del Fabbro

doi:10.3390/ma14112718

Dental Implants with a Calcium Ions-Modified Surface and Platelet Concentrates for the Rehabilitation of Medically Compromised Patients: A Retrospective Study with 5-Year Follow-Up

Materials (Basel). 2021 May 21;14(11):2718. doi: 10.3390/ma14112718.

Authors

Marco Mozzati¹, Giorgia Gallesio¹, Giulio Menicucci², Carlo Manzella², Margherita Tumedei³, Massimo Del Fabbro^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Private Practitioner, SIOM Oral Surgery and Implantology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy.
² Prosthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
³ Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
⁴ Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.
⁵ IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Dental Clinic, 20161 Milan, Italy.

Abstract

Background: Platelet concentrates are biological, autologous products obtained from the patient's whole blood, consisting of a supraphysiological concentration of platelets and growth factors, that have proved beneficial in different applications in the medical and dental fields. They are used in several medical and dental applications to enhance tissue healing. Previous evidence shows that platelet concentrates may be beneficial in patients with compromised systemic conditions, in which the healing process is impaired.

Aim: To evaluate the 5-year clinical outcome of implant treatment using acid-etched implants with calcium ions-modified surface in association with plasma rich in growth factors, in patients with systemic diseases of a different nature.

Methods: Charts of 99 medically compromised patients, who had received a total of 224 dental implants from January 2013 to June 2013, were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into four groups, according to their condition: diabetes (n = 39 patients), osteoporosis (n = 36), lupus erythematosus systemic (n = 5), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 19). The main outcomes were implant survival, marginal bone level (MBL) change and complications throughout follow-up.

Results: Mean follow-up was 63.06 ± 1.90 months (range 60.1 to 66.4 months). In total, eight implants failed in 6 diabetic patients and 4 in 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Overall 5-year implant survival was 94.6%. In total, 30 complications occurred in 24 patients, mostly transient, and no severe adverse event occurred. Overall MBL change was 0.45 ± 0.12 mm, with no significant differences among groups.

Conclusions: In the present sample of medically compromised patients, rehabilitation with calcium ions-modified surface implants associated with plasma rich in growth factors proved to be a safe and effective treatment. The satisfactory results achieved after 5-year follow-up are comparable to those historically reported for healthy patients.

Keywords: calcium-ion modified surface; dental implants; diabetes; growth factors; lupus erythematosus systemic; medically compromised patients; osteoporosis; plasma rich in growth factors; platelets; rheumatoid arthritis; systemic diseases.