Effect of Different Climate Change Variables on the Ecology and Management of Sesbania cannabina through Glyphosate

Nadeem Iqbal; Sudheesh Manalil; Bhagirath Singh Chauhan; Steve Adkins

doi:10.3390/plants10050910

Effect of Different Climate Change Variables on the Ecology and Management of Sesbania cannabina through Glyphosate

Plants (Basel). 2021 May 1;10(5):910. doi: 10.3390/plants10050910.

Authors

Nadeem Iqbal¹, Sudheesh Manalil^{2

3

4}, Bhagirath Singh Chauhan^{1

2}, Steve Adkins^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
² The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
³ School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
⁴ Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India.

Abstract

An elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and frequent droughts are two anticipated climate change scenarios in which certain invasive weeds may develop competitive advantages over crops and adversely impact productivity and herbicide efficacy. Hence, a study was conducted to explore the effect of different climatic scenarios on the growth and management of Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers with glyphosate. The variables investigated were two CO₂ concentrations (400 and 700 ppm), two soil moisture levels (100% and 50% of field capacity (FC)), and three glyphosate rates (0 (control), 517 (50% of recommended rate), and 1034 g ae ha^-1 (recommended rate)). CO₂ concentrations and soil moisture levels had different effects on the growth and management of S. cannabina. Overall, 100% FC and elevated [CO₂] of 700 ppm recorded the maximum plant height (38 cm), leaves per plant (20), growth index (60), chlorophyll content (SPAD value 37), and dry biomass (3 g) in comparison with ambient [CO₂] of 400 ppm and 50% FC treatment. The recommended glyphosate application gave 100% weed biomass reduction; however, efficacy was reduced (63%) when applied at 50% of the recommended rate under elevated [CO₂] of 700 ppm and 50% FC conditions.

Keywords: S. cannabina; ambient [CO2]; elevated [CO2]; glyphosate; moisture stress.