Effect of N, N-Dimethylglycine on Homocysteine Metabolism in Rats Fed Folate-Sufficient and Folate-Deficient Diets

Biomed Environ Sci. 2021 May 20;34(5):356-363. doi: 10.3967/bes2021.047.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) on the concentration and metabolism of plasma homocysteine (pHcy) in folate-sufficient and folate-deficient rats.

Methods: In this study, 0.1% DMG was supplemented in 20% casein diets that were either folate-sufficient (20C) or folate-deficient (20CFD). Blood and liver of rats were subjected to assays of Hcy and its metabolites. Hcy and its related metabolite concentrations were determined using a liquid chromatographic system.

Results: Folate deprivation significantly increased pHcy concentration in rats fed 20C diet (from 14.19 ± 0.39 μmol/L to 28.49 ± 0.50 μmol/L; P < 0.05). When supplemented with DMG, pHcy concentration was significantly decreased (12.23 ± 0.18 μmol/L) in rats fed 20C diet but significantly increased (31.56 ± 0.59 μmol/L) in rats fed 20CFD. The hepatic methionine synthase activity in the 20CFD group was significantly lower than that in the 20C group; enzyme activity was unaffected by DMG supplementation regardless of folate sufficiency. The activity of hepatic cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) in the 20CFD group was decreased but not in the 20C group; DMG supplementation enhanced hepatic CBS activity in both groups, in which the effect was significant in the 20C group but not in the other group.

Conclusion: DMG supplementation exhibited hypohomocysteinemic effects under folate-sufficient conditions. By contrast, the combination of folate deficiency and DMG supplementation has deleterious effect on pHcy concentration.

Keywords: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; Folate deficiency; N,N-Dimethylglycine; Plasma homocysteine.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Diet*
  • Dietary Supplements*
  • Folic Acid Deficiency / metabolism*
  • Homocysteine / metabolism*
  • Liver / metabolism
  • Male
  • Random Allocation
  • Rats
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Sarcosine / administration & dosage
  • Sarcosine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Sarcosine / metabolism

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Homocysteine
  • dimethylglycine
  • Sarcosine