Echinops taeckholmiana Amin: Optimization of a Tissue Culture Protocol, Biological Evaluation, and Chemical Profiling Using GC and LC-MS

Dalia I Hamdan; Marwa A A Fayed; Rasha Adel

doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c00837

Echinops taeckholmiana Amin: Optimization of a Tissue Culture Protocol, Biological Evaluation, and Chemical Profiling Using GC and LC-MS

ACS Omega. 2021 May 11;6(20):13105-13115. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00837. eCollection 2021 May 25.

Authors

Dalia I Hamdan¹, Marwa A A Fayed², Rasha Adel³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32511, Egypt.
² Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt.
³ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.

Abstract

There have been no reports published on the rare Echinops taeckholmiana growing wildly in Egypt. So, this study aimed to preserve it through method optimization of in vitro seed germination, besides callus formation from induced seedlings. Chemical profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the n-hexane fraction afforded 29 identified components, mainly fatty acids esters, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, one thiophene, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI/MS-MS) analysis of total alcoholic root and induced calli extracts resulted in 68 metabolites. Taraxeryl acetate, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol-3β-d-glucoside, and 1,1,1-kestopentaose were identified from the defatted root extract, which inhibited α-amylase (IC₅₀ 54.6 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (60.4 μg/mL) enzymes compared with acarbose (IC₅₀ values of 30.57 and 34.71 μg/mL, respectively). Moreover, it showed moderate activity against HepG2 (IC₅₀ 31.1 ± 1.4 μg/mL) and no activity against M-NFS-60 cell lines compared to cisplatin (IC₅₀ 3.25 ± 1.4 and 8.37 ± 0.25, respectively).