Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in more than 141 million people and caused more than 3 million deaths worldwide. To reduce the additional loss of millions of lives until natural immunity is reached, researchers have focused on the only known method to stop the COVID-19 pandemic: vaccines. The pandemic has propelled high-speed vaccine development, some based on novel technology previously not utilized in the vaccine field. The new technology opens new possibilities and comes with challenges because the long-term performance of the new platforms is unknown. Here we review the current leading vaccine candidates against COVID-19 and outline the advantages and disadvantages as well as the unknowns of each candidate.
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Adenoviridae / genetics
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Biomedical Research* / statistics & numerical data
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Biomedical Research* / trends
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COVID-19 / epidemiology
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COVID-19 / prevention & control*
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COVID-19 Vaccines / administration & dosage
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COVID-19 Vaccines / adverse effects
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COVID-19 Vaccines / genetics
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COVID-19 Vaccines / immunology*
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Humans
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Mutation
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SARS-CoV-2 / genetics
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SARS-CoV-2 / immunology*
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Vaccines, Inactivated / administration & dosage
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Vaccines, Inactivated / adverse effects
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Vaccines, Inactivated / genetics
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Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology
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Vaccines, Subunit / administration & dosage
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Vaccines, Subunit / adverse effects
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Vaccines, Subunit / genetics
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Vaccines, Subunit / immunology
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Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage
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Vaccines, Synthetic / adverse effects
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Vaccines, Synthetic / genetics
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Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology
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mRNA Vaccines
Substances
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COVID-19 Vaccines
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Vaccines, Inactivated
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Vaccines, Subunit
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Vaccines, Synthetic