Dietary restrictions for dialysis patients are very demanding and compliance has been shown to be poor in many patients. A number of psychosocial variables were investigated in a sample of 41 dialysis patients for possible effects on dietary compliance. Clinical criteria of dietary abuse indicated problems in 58% of the sample. Self reported compliance was significantly associated with clinical abuse scores. The longer patients had been on dialysis, the less likely they were to report dietary compliance. Health locus of control and family support were significantly associated with specific items of self reported compliance, but not with overall compliance scores. Acceptance of the limitations imposed by illness was significantly associated with clinical dietary abuse scores. The process whereby positive adjustment and good dietary control may be achieved, is discussed.