Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of skin cleaning outside wound (hereinafter referred to as skin) in adult trauma patients. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional investigation was conducted. From September 1 to 30, 2020, a total of 952 adult trauma patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to wound care clinics or trauma surgery wards of 13 military or local Grade Ⅲ Level A hospitals, including the General Hospital of the Eastern Theater Command of People's Liberation Army and the Army Medical Center, etc. A self-designed questionnaire on cleaning status of skin in trauma patients was released through the "questionnaire star" website to investigate basic information such as gender, age, education level, living status, and self-care ability, trauma information such as cause of injury, wound duration, trauma site, trauma depth, wound pain, wound peculiar smell, and wound cleaning solution, and skin cleaning status after injury such as whether to clean or not, cleaning method, cleaning frequency, cleaning duration in each time, or reasons for not cleaning. The patients who cleaned skin regularly after injury were included in cleaning group, and the other patients were included in no cleaning group. The basic information, trauma information, and skin cleaning status after injury of patients in 2 groups were investigated. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test, and binary multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on indicators with statistically significant differences between the two groups to screen the independent influencing factors of skin cleaning in trauma patients. Results: A total of 952 questionnaires were received, and the recovery rate was 100%. Three invalid questionnaires were eliminated, and 949 valid questionnaires were obtained, with an effective rate of 99.68%. In 949 patients, there were 461 (48.6%) males and 488 (51.4%) females, aged 18-100 (50±18) years. Most patients were less than 60 years old, lived with their families, and could take care of themselves completely. Nearly half of the patients were with junior high school or below education level. The main causes of injury were sharp cutting injury and falling injury, the wound duration was 2-365 days, most of the injured parts were limbs and trunk, the wound depth was mostly full-thickness injury, and most patients had wound-related pain and no peculiar smell and used 5 g/L iodophor to clean the wound. Totally 684 (72.1%) patients cleaned their skin after injury, mainly by scrubbing with warm water, the cleaning frequency was mainly once or twice a week, and the cleaning time was mainly 10 or 15 min for each time. Totally 265 (27.9%) patients didn't clean their skin after injury, and the main causes for not cleaning were following the doctor's advice, followed by worrying about wound infection and loss of self-care ability. There were significantly statistical differences in constituent ratios of education level, self-care ability, cause of injury, wound pain, and wound peculiar smell of patients in 2 groups (χ2=12.365, 24.519, 22.820, 9.572, 92.342, P<0.01). Education level, self-care ability, cause of injury, wound pain, and wound peculiar smell were potential influencing factors of skin cleaning in patients. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that self-care ability, wound pain, and wound peculiar smell were independent influencing factors of skin cleaning in patients (odds ratio=1.51, 0.52, 3.72, 95% confidence interval=1.08-2.12, 0.42-0.89, 2.66-5.22, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: Self-care ability, wound pain, and wound peculiar smell are independent influencing factors of skin cleaning in adult trauma patients.
目的： 调查成年创伤患者“创面以外皮肤”（以下简称皮肤）的清洗现况及其影响因素。 方法： 采用多中心横断面调查方法。2020年9月1—30日，纳入包括解放军东部战区总医院、陆军特色医学中心在内的13家军队和地方三级甲等医院创面护理门诊或创伤外科病房收治的952例符合入选标准的成年创伤患者。通过“问卷星”网站发布自制的创伤患者皮肤清洗现况调查问卷，调查患者性别、年龄、文化程度、居住情况和自理能力等一般资料，致伤原因、创面持续时间、创伤部位、创伤深度、创面疼痛、创面异味、创面清洗溶液等创伤资料，是否清洗、清洗方法、清洗频次、每次清洗时间及不清洗的原因等伤后皮肤清洗情况。将伤后定期清洗皮肤的患者纳入清洗组，其余患者纳入不清洗组，统计2组患者的一般资料、创伤资料及伤后皮肤清洗情况。对数据行χ2检验，对2组比较差异有统计学意义的指标行二分类多因素logistic回归分析以筛选创伤患者皮肤清洗的独立影响因素。 结果： 共回收952份问卷，回收率100%；剔除3份无效问卷，有效问卷949份，有效率99.68%。949例患者中男461例（48.6%）、女488例（51.4%），年龄18~100（50±18）岁，大部分患者<60岁、与家人同住且能够完全自理，接近半数患者为初中及以下文化程度。致伤原因以锐器切割伤和跌倒外伤为主，创面持续时间2~365 d，创伤部位以四肢和躯干居多，大多数患者创伤深度为全皮层缺损，多数患者创面有疼痛、无异味、用5 g/L碘伏清洗创面。684例（72.1%）患者伤后清洗了皮肤，清洗方式以温水擦洗为主，清洗频次以每周1或2次为主，每次清洗时间以10或15 min为主；265例（27.9%）患者伤后未清洗皮肤，不清洗皮肤的主要原因为遵医嘱不清洗，其次为担心创面感染、失去自理能力。2组患者文化程度、自理能力、致伤原因、创面疼痛、创面异味构成比比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=12.365、24.519、22.820、9.572、92.342，P<0.01），文化程度、自理能力、致伤原因、创面疼痛和创面异味可能是患者皮肤清洗的影响因素。多因素logistic回归分析显示，自理能力、创面疼痛、创面异味是患者皮肤清洗的独立影响因素（比值比=1.51、0.52、3.72，95%置信区间=1.08~2.12、0.42~0.89、2.66~5.22，P<0.05或P<0.01）。 结论： 大部分成年创伤患者伤后清洗了皮肤。自理能力、创面疼痛和创面异味是成年创伤患者皮肤清洗的独立影响因素。.