We evaluated the gut resistome of children from communities treated with 10 twice-yearly azithromycin distributions. Although the macrolide resistance remained higher in the azithromycin arm, the selection of non-macrolide resistance observed at earlier time points did not persist. Longitudinal resistance monitoring should be a critical component of mass distribution programs.
Clinical trials registration: NCT02047981.
Keywords: Niger; antibiotic resistance; azithromycin; gut resistome; mass drug distribution; preschool children.
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.