hTERT-immortalized gingival fibroblasts respond to cytokines but fail to mimic primary cell responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis

Sci Rep. 2021 May 24;11(1):10770. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90037-5.

Abstract

In periodontitis, gingival fibroblasts (GFs) interact with and respond to oral pathogens, significantly contributing to perpetuation of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the recently released hTERT-immortalized GF (TIGF) cell line for studies of host-pathogen interactions. We show that TIGFs are unable to upregulate expression and production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 upon infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis despite being susceptible to adhesion and invasion by this oral pathogen. In contrast, induction of inflammatory mediators in TNFα- or IL-1β-stimulated TIGFs is comparable to that observed in primary GFs. The inability of TIGFs to respond directly to P. gingivalis is caused by a specific defect in Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) expression, which is likely driven by TLR2 promoter hypermethylation. Consistently, TIGFs fail to upregulate inflammatory genes in response to the TLR2 agonists Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4. These results identify important limitations of using TIGFs to study GF interaction with oral pathogens, though these cells may be useful for studies of TLR2-independent processes. Our observations also emphasize the importance of direct comparisons between immortalized and primary cells prior to using cell lines as models in studies of any biological processes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Adhesion / drug effects
  • Bacteroidaceae Infections / genetics
  • Bacteroidaceae Infections / immunology*
  • Cells, Cultured
  • DNA Methylation
  • Dinoprostone / genetics
  • Dinoprostone / metabolism
  • Fibroblasts / cytology
  • Fibroblasts / drug effects
  • Fibroblasts / immunology
  • Fibroblasts / metabolism
  • Gingiva / cytology*
  • Gingiva / drug effects
  • Gingiva / immunology
  • Gingiva / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-1beta / genetics*
  • Interleukin-1beta / metabolism
  • Lipopeptides / pharmacology
  • Oligopeptides / pharmacology
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis / pathogenicity*
  • Telomerase / genetics*
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2 / agonists
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2 / metabolism
  • Toll-Like Receptor 9 / agonists
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics*
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism

Substances

  • IL1B protein, human
  • Interleukin-1beta
  • Lipopeptides
  • Oligopeptides
  • Pam(3)CSK(4) peptide
  • TLR2 protein, human
  • TNF protein, human
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2
  • Toll-Like Receptor 9
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • TERT protein, human
  • Telomerase
  • Dinoprostone
  • PAM2-CSK4