Elevation of Peripheral Blood CD34+ and Platelet Levels After Exercise With Cooling and Compression

Mark C Callanan; Kevin D Christensen; Hillary A Plummer; Johnny Torres; Adam W Anz

doi:10.1016/j.asmr.2020.10.003

Elevation of Peripheral Blood CD34+ and Platelet Levels After Exercise With Cooling and Compression

Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2021 Feb 22;3(2):e399-e410. doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2020.10.003. eCollection 2021 Apr.

Authors

Mark C Callanan¹, Kevin D Christensen², Hillary A Plummer³, Johnny Torres⁴, Adam W Anz⁵

Affiliations

¹ Orthopedic Clinic, Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S.A.
² Revere Health Orthopedics, Provo, Utah, U.S.A.
³ Andrews Research & Education Foundation, U.S.A.
⁴ Gulf Breeze, Florida, U.S.A.
⁵ Andrews Institute for Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, U.S.A.

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the cellular response and chemokine profiles following exercise using cooling and blood flow restriction on the Vasper system.

Methods: Healthy male patients between the ages of 20 and 39 years were recruited. Testing was performed on the Vasper system, a NuStep cross-trainer with concomitant 4-limb venous compression with proximal arm cuffs at 40 mm Hg and proximal leg cuffs at 65 mm Hg. A cooling vest and cooling mat (8.3°C) were used. A 7-minute warm-up followed by alternating 30- and 60-second sprints with 1.5 and 2 minutes of active recovery, respectively, between each sprint. Peripheral blood was drawn before exercise, immediately following exercise (T20), 10 minutes after the first post-exercise blood draw (T30), and then every 30 minutes (T60, T90, T120, T150, T180). A blood draw occurred at 24 hours' postexercise. Complete blood count, monoclonal flow cytometry for CD34+, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to analyze the samples.

Results: Sixteen healthy male patients (29.5 ± 4.5years, 1.78 ± 0.05m, 83.7 ± 11.4 kg) were enrolled. There was an immediate, temporary increase in white blood cell counts, marked by an increase in lymphocyte differential (38.3 ± 6.5 to 44.3 ± 9.0%, P = .001), decrease in neutrophil differential (47.8 ± 6.6 to 42.0 ± 9.1%, P < .001), and platelets (239.5 ± 57.2 to 268.6 ± 86.3 K⋅μL^-1, P = .01). Monocytes significantly decreased from PRE to T90 (9.8 ± 1.1 to 8.9 ± 1.1K/μL, P < .001) and T120 (8.9 ± 1.1 K/μL, P < .0001). There was a significant increase in CD34+ cells (3.9 ± 2.0 to 5.3 ± 2.8 cells⋅μL^-1, P < .001). No detectable differences in measured cytokine levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor , IL-1ra, tumor necrosis factor-α, or IL-2 were observed.

Conclusions: A significant elevation of peripheral blood CD34+ and platelet levels immediately following the exercise session was observed; however, there was no effect on peripheral circulation of IL-10, IL-6, IL-1ra, tumor necrosis factor-α, or IL-2.

Clinical relevance: Exercise can be considered as a way to manipulate point-of-care blood products like platelet-rich plasma and may increase product yield.