[Integrating academic nurses in German university hospitals: a follow-up survey]

Abstract

Introduction: The effective integration of professional nursing staff with university training into care processes is associated internationally with better patient outcomes. In Germany, there is a current lack of reliable figures on graduates and their areas of responsibility. Therefore, the aim of this follow-up survey, designed as a repetition of a previous one, was to ascertain the number of nurses with a Bachelor's or Master's degree involved in direct patient care at university medical centers.

Method: In a cross-sectional study, chief nursing officers in university medical centers were asked to quote the number of professional nurses with a university degree (Bachelor, Master, Doctorate). Additional questions focused on their tasks and responsibilities and the measures undertaken to facilitate their integration into the organization. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: In total, n=29 valid questionnaires from 35 university medical centers were included in the analysis, resulting in a response rate of 82.85%. For a total of 18 centers, the number of university-qualified nurses had increased by n=786 between 2015 (n=593) and 2018 (n=1,379). The overall percentage of nurses with a university degree working at a university medical center in the study was 3.16% (SD=1.66; min - max=1.09 - 6.69; Q1 - Q3=1.49 - 4.04; 95% CI 2.30 to 3.95). In direct patient care, the quota was 2.11% (SD=1.40; min - max=0.47 - 5.42; Q1 - Q3=0.87 - 3.16; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.76). The main focus of their duties was on standard care and patient education (graduates with a Bachelor's degree), evidence-based nursing practice development (Master's degree) and research activities (doctoral degree).

Discussion: Compared to 2015, the proportion of professional nursing staff with university training has increased but remains at a very low level. These nurses perform relevant clinical tasks and are involved in the development of good practice. However, there is a need for better competence-based differentiation.

Keywords: Bachelor's degree; Bachelorabschluss; Clinical tasks; Klinische Aufgabengebiete; Master's degree; Masterabschluss; Nursing; Pflege; Qualifikationsmix; Skill- and grade mix; University medical centers; Universitätskliniken.