Defining difficult-to-treat inflammatory bowel disease: why and how

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IBD Center, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy. Electronic address: silvio.danese@hunimed.eu.
• ² Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
• ³ Department of Gastroenterology and Inserm NGERE U1256, University Hospital of Nancy, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
• ⁴ College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, National University Ireland, Cork, Ireland.