Gut microbiome responses in the metabolism of human dietary components: Implications in health and homeostasis

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(27):7615-7631. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1916429. Epub 2021 May 21.

Abstract

The gut microbiome and its link with human health and disease have gained a lot of attention recently. The microbiome executes its functions in the host by carrying out the transformation of dietary components and/or de novo synthesis of various essential nutrients. The presence of complex microbial communities makes it difficult to understand the host-microbiome interplay in the metabolism of dietary components. This review attempts to uncover the incredible role of the gut microbiome in the metabolism of dietary components, diet-microbiome interplay, and restoration of the microbiome. The in silico analysis performed in this study elucidates the functional description of essential/hub genes involved in the amino acid degradation pathway, which are mutually present in the host and its gut microbiome. Hence, the computational model helps comprehend the inter-and intracellular molecular networks between humans and their microbial partners.

Keywords: CAZymes; amino acid degradation; hub genes; probiotics; short chain fatty acids; trimethylamine.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acids
  • Diet
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome* / physiology
  • Homeostasis
  • Humans
  • Microbiota*

Substances

  • Amino Acids