OBJECTIVE. Tumefactive demyelination mimics primary brain neoplasms on imaging, often necessitating brain biopsy. This article reviews the literature for the clinical and radiologic findings of tumefactive demyelination in various disease processes to facilitate identification of tumefactive demyelination on imaging. CONCLUSION. Both clinical and radiologic findings must be integrated to distinguish tumefactive demyelinating lesions from similarly appearing lesions on imaging. Further research on the immunopathogenesis of tumefactive demyelination and associated conditions will elucidate their interrelationship.
Keywords: MRI; multiple sclerosis; neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; tumefactive demyelination.