SARS-Cov-2 spike protein fragment 674-685 protects mitochondria from releasing cytochrome c in response to apoptogenic influence

Abstract

In spite of numerous studies, many details of SARS-Cov-2 interaction with human cells are still poorly understood. The 674-685 fragment of SARS-Cov-2 spike protein is homologous to the fragment of α-cobratoxin underlying its interaction with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The interaction of 674-685 peptide with α7 nAChR has been predicted in silico. In the present paper we confirm this prediction experimentally and investigate the effect of SARS-Cov-2 spike protein peptide on mitochondria, which express α7 nAChRs to regulate apoptosis-related events. We demonstrate that SARS-Cov-2 spike protein peptide 674-685 competes with the antibody against 179-190 fragment of α7 nAChR subunit for the binding to α7-expressing cells and mitochondria and prevents the release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria in response to 0.5 mM H₂O₂ but does not protect intact U373 cells against apoptogenic effect of H₂O_2. Our data suggest that the α7 nAChR-binding portion of SARS-Cov-2 spike protein prevents mitochondria-driven apoptosis when the virus is uncoated inside the cell and, therefore, supports the infected cell viability before the virus replication cycle is complete.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Cytochrome c; Mitochondria; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; SARS-Cov-2 spike protein peptide.