Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between psychopathological characteristics of children and adolescents with primary headache, as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and treatment outcomes.
Methods: A cohort study was conducted on 124 pediatric patients with primary headache. At the first consultation, the SDQ was completed by the parents. The analysis of treatment efficacy was conducted on 90 patients with a follow-up period of at least one year. Treatment responders were defined as those who showed 50% reduction in the headache frequency. First, an analysis of the SDQ total scores and five subscales, among the migraine and tension-type headache groups, was conducted for 124 participants. Second, the association between the SDQ scores and treatment outcomes in the groups with periods of improvement of less than three months and three months or more were analyzed in 90 patients.
Results: Migraine patients displayed more difficulties than strengths in terms of the total score (p = .004) and in the emotional symptoms subscale (p = .012) compared with tension-type headache patients. Migraine patients who required more than three months to show improvement displayed more peer problems (p = .020), while tension-type headache patients who required more than three months to show improvement displayed fewer conduct problems (p = .007).
Conclusion: Evaluation of patient characteristics using the SDQ at first consultation can predict the treatment outcome. Moreover, it can help provide appropriate initial treatment and improve outcome of primary headache in children.
Keywords: Migraine; Primary headache; Psychological evaluation; Psychopathology; Tension type headache; Treatment.
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