Objective: To Develop the China Prime Diet Quality Score(CPDQS) and evaluate the relationship between dietary quality and health-related outcomes in Chinese adults.
Methods: CPDQS was conducted by 22 components, including dark green vegetables, dark red/orange vegetables, other vegetables, dark yellow fruits, citrus fruits, other fruits, whole grains/legumes, sweet potato, other potatoes, soybean, nuts, poultry, fish and shrimp, milk, eggs, red meat, fried food, refined grains, sugar sweetered beverages, salt, cooking oil, and alcohol. CPDQS components were selected based on Chinese Dietary Guidelines, and the values of each CPDQS components were set according to the dietary recommendations of foods and nutrients. According to the recommended amount of all kinds of foods under energy requirements of 2000 kcal in the Balanced Diet Pagoda, the basic score for each kind of food was 0-4, and the total score of the 22 components ranges from 0 to 100. Dietary quality of Chinese residents was evaluated according to CPDQS by analyzing data of adults aged 20-80 from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012.
Results: Mean of CPDQS for Chinese residents aged 20 and above was 40. 28±0. 08. CPDQS was higher in urban areas than in rural areas with median 48 and 39 respectively. CPDQS of female was slightly higher than that of male with median 44 and 43 respectively. CPDQS showed significantly correlation with all kinds of nutrients, in which correlation coefficient with carbohydrate and MPA was-0. 18 and 0. 35. With the increase of CPDQS score, the risk of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-emia and metabolic syndrome decreased. After multi-factor adjustment, ORs of the highest quantile-group were 0. 73(95%CI 0. 63-0. 84), 0. 72(95%CI 0. 63-0. 83), 0. 67(95%CI 0. 57-0. 78), 0. 85(95%CI 0. 73-0. 99) and 0. 72(95%CI 0. 61-0. 85), respectively compared with the lowest quantile-group.
Conclusion: CPDQS is a simplified index for comprehensive evaluation of dietary quality and it can reflect differences in diet quality among people in different regions and different health conditions. CPDQS could be used as an effective tool for evaluation of dietary quality.
Keywords: balanced diet; diet assessment; diet index; diet quality; healthy diet.