Evaluation of different strategic control protocols for Rhipicephalus microplus on cattle according to tick burden

Abstract

The development of a strategic protocol is fundamental to the control of Rhipicephalus microplus. The efficacy of different strategic tick control protocols (Day 1 to Day 119) using commercial acaricides according to R. microplus burden on bovines was evaluated. Female ticks (4.5-8 mm in length) were initially counted on cattle to form four groups of bovines with low and high tick burdens (treated and control), with 10 animals each. The animals were then (Day 0) kept in different paddocks, and the bovines from the two treated groups received their first treatment. The main difference in the protocols was the use of a spray formulation on animals with high tick burden. Additionally, the criterion for animal re-treatment (treatment interval) during the proposed strategic protocol was evaluated according to tick length by visual inspection - if 30% of the bovines of a group presented ticks < 4 mm between their legs and dewlap, the treatment was applied, which could change the originally proposed intervals. The number of days for which animals from the treated groups remained without acaricide administration (palliative control, ≥30 tick females < 4 mm) after the end of the strategic tick control protocol was recorded. Tick counts and visual inspection were done weekly until days 203 and 119, respectively. The results showed that the adopted protocol was successful based on calculated efficacy. Mean efficacies from Day 7 to Day 119 were 86.1% and 96.1% for treated groups with low and high tick burdens, respectively, and mean tick count did not differ between them (P > 0.05) but did differ from their respectively controls (P = <0.0001). The use of spray formulation at the beginning of the protocol for animals with a high tick burden helped to avoid harmful tick infestations. Visual analysis of tick length anticipated the proposed treatment intervals. Treated groups remained without palliative treatment for 70 days, while control groups needed treatment every 28 days. It was concluded that strategic control protocols must be developed according to tick burden, and tick length can be used to indicate when treatment needs to be applied.

Keywords: Cattle tick; Efficacy; Tick burden; Tick control; Tropical region.