Multi-population stochastic modeling of Ebola in Sierra Leone: Investigation of spatial heterogeneity

PLoS One. 2021 May 13;16(5):e0250765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250765. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

A major outbreak of the Ebola virus occurred in 2014 in Sierra Leone. We investigate the spatial heterogeneity of the outbreak among districts in Sierra Leone. The stochastic discrete-time susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) model is used, allowing for probabilistic movements from one compartment to another. Our model accounts for heterogeneity among districts by making use of a hierarchical approach. The transmission rates are considered time-varying. It is investigated whether or not incubation period, infectious period and transmission rates are different among districts. Estimation is done using the Bayesian formalism. The posterior estimates of the effective reproductive number were substantially different across the districts, with pronounced variability in districts with few cases of Ebola. The posterior estimates of the reproductive number at the district level varied between below 1.0 and 4.5, whereas at nationwide level it varied between below 1.0 and 2.5. The posterior estimate of the effective reproductive number reached a value below 1.0 around December. In some districts, the effective reproductive number pointed out for the persistence of the outbreak or for a likely resurgence of new cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD). The posterior estimates have shown to be highly sensitive to prior elicitation, mainly the incubation period and infectious period.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Bayes Theorem
  • Disease Outbreaks
  • Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / epidemiology*
  • Humans
  • Models, Statistical*
  • Sierra Leone / epidemiology
  • Stochastic Processes

Grants and funding

The present study received financial support from Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Hasselt University (UH) and Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad (VLIR-UOS) DESAFIO Program.