Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials composed of metal centers and organic connectors. They are formed by complexation reactions and exhibit characteristics of both polymers and coordination compounds. They exhibit numerous advantageous features, including a large specific surface area, adjustable pore size/shape, and modifiable pore wall functional groups. Consequently, MOFs have been extensively applied in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). Despite considerable research on cobalt-based MOFs, the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in the presence of these materials remains challenging. The present review summarizes the current studies concerning the utilization of cobalt-based MOFs in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Additionally, approaches used to enhance the catalytic reduction performance are evaluated and the challenges associated with Co-based MOFs are discussed.