Bortezomib in anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate-Receptor (NMDA-R) encephalitis: A systematic review

J Neuroimmunol. 2021 Jul 15:356:577586. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577586. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Abstract

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a potentially treatable condition, although a small proportion of patients remains refractory to immunotherapy. Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that has a promising role in autoimmune conditions. We performed an independent PubMed search employing "Anti-N-Methyl‑D-Aspartate encephalitis AND bortezomib", including papers published between January 1st, 2007 to April 15th, 2021. Fourteen articles were included, with 29 patients. 16 patients (55,2%) had a favorable outcome after bortezomib and 11 (37,9%) patients developed side effects. Quality of studies was overall poor and future trials should aim to include more homogeneous and larger cohorts.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / drug therapy*
  • Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / immunology*
  • Bortezomib / adverse effects
  • Bortezomib / therapeutic use*
  • Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia / diagnosis
  • Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia / immunology
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Factors / immunology
  • Immunotherapy / adverse effects
  • Immunotherapy / methods*

Substances

  • Immunologic Factors
  • Bortezomib