Prevention of COVID-19: Preventive Strategies for General Population, Healthcare Setting, and Various Professions

Shirin Moossavi; Kelsey Fehr; Hassan Maleki; Simin Seyedpour; Mahdis Keshavarz-Fathi; Farhad Tabasi; Mehrdad Heravi; Rayka Sharifian; Golnaz Shafiei; Negin Badihian; Roya Kelishadi; Shahrzad Nematollahi; Majid Almasi; Saskia Popescu; Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi; Nima Rezaei

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_32

Prevention of COVID-19: Preventive Strategies for General Population, Healthcare Setting, and Various Professions

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021:1318:575-604. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_32.

Authors

Shirin Moossavi^{1

2

3}, Kelsey Fehr^{4

5

6}, Hassan Maleki^{7

8}, Simin Seyedpour^{9

10}, Mahdis Keshavarz-Fathi^{11

12}, Farhad Tabasi^{13

14

15}, Mehrdad Heravi^{13

15}, Rayka Sharifian^{16

17

18}, Golnaz Shafiei^{19

20

21}, Negin Badihian^{22

23}, Roya Kelishadi^{22

23}, Shahrzad Nematollahi^{18

16}, Majid Almasi^{19

21}, Saskia Popescu^{24

25}, Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi^{26

27}, Nima Rezaei^{28

29

30}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
² Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
³ Microbiome and Microbial Ecology Interest Group (MMEIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Calgary, Canada.
⁴ Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
⁶ Microbiome and Microbial Ecology Interest Group (MMEIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
⁷ Department of Medical Nanotechnology and Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
⁸ Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah, Iran.
⁹ School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁰ Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
¹¹ School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹² Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
¹³ School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
¹⁴ Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁵ Medical Education Development Network (MED_NET), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Zahedan, Iran.
¹⁶ Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁷ Iranian Association of Urology, Research Committee (IUA-RC), Tehran, Iran.
¹⁸ Urology Research Taskforce (URT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
¹⁹ Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
²⁰ Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
²¹ Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kashan, Iran.
²² Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
²³ Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease Group (PPNCDG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Isfahan, Iran.
²⁴ HonorHealth, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
²⁵ Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
²⁶ School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mahsa.keshavarz20@gmail.com.
²⁷ Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. mahsa.keshavarz20@gmail.com.
²⁸ Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
²⁹ Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
³⁰ Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.

PMID: 33973200
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_32

Abstract

The disease 2019 (COVID-19) made a public health emergency in early 2020. Despite attempts for the development of therapeutic modalities, there is no effective treatment yet. Therefore, preventive measures in various settings could help reduce the burden of disease. In this chapter, the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19, non-pharmaceutical approaches at individual and population level, chemoprevention, immunoprevention, preventive measures in different healthcare settings and other professions, special considerations in high-risk groups, and the role of organizations to hamper the psychosocial effects will be discussed.

Keywords: COVID-19; Healthcare; Nosocomial infection; Personal protective equipment; Preventive measures; Psychological effects; Vaccine.

MeSH terms

COVID-19*
Cancer Vaccines*
Delivery of Health Care
Humans
Immunotherapy
SARS-CoV-2

Substances

Cancer Vaccines