Introduction: Pediatric flexible laryngotracheal bronchoscopy (FB) is an integral part of diagnostics and treatment at tertiary pediatric respiratory centers.
Aim: FBs performed between 2013 and 2018 at our Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine Unit of the Department of Women's and Children's Health at Padua University were examined in terms of the indications, findings, and adverse events.
Materials and methods: The electronic medical records of pediatric patients who underwent FB at least once between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018 were considered. Patients' clinical data, indications for FB, anatomical findings, information derived from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial brushing, and possible adverse events were analyzed.
Results: There were 447 pediatric FBs performed in 428 patients (aged from 1 month to 18 years) for diagnostic purposes (92.4%), to clear secretions (3.6%), or to monitor a known condition (4.0%). The main indications were recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI, 32.2%) and chronic wet cough (9.4%). Lower airway malacia was the most common abnormal finding in these two groups (36.1% and 28.6%, respectively). BAL bacterial culture was positive in 55 children (39.6%) with recurrent LRTI and in 25 (59.5%) with chronic wet cough, being Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis the microorganisms most commonly isolated. FB proved a safe procedure and was well tolerated.
Conclusions: Pediatric FB is an essential tool at our tertiary pediatric respiratory center. It helps establish the anatomical conditions underlying several chronic respiratory conditions and any correlated microbiological findings, with a significant impact on further patient management.
Keywords: airway anatomy; bronchoscopy; lower airway malacia; pediatric flexible laryngotracheal bronchoscopy.
© 2021 The Authors. Pediatric Pulmonology Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.