Construction of hierarchically porous biomass carbon using iodine as pore-making agent for energy storage

Xiaodong Luo; Yuan Wang; Zhangfeng Shen; Lifeng Cui; Yangang Wang; Xi Li

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.108

Construction of hierarchically porous biomass carbon using iodine as pore-making agent for energy storage

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2021 Oct:599:351-359. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.108. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Authors

Xiaodong Luo¹, Yuan Wang², Zhangfeng Shen³, Lifeng Cui⁴, Yangang Wang⁵, Xi Li⁶

Affiliations

¹ College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
² College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China. Electronic address: wangyuan@mail.zjxu.edu.cn.
³ College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
⁴ Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
⁵ College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China. Electronic address: ygwang8136@mail.zjxu.edu.cn.
⁶ College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China. Electronic address: xili21@mail.zjxu.edu.cn.

PMID: 33962196
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.108

Abstract

High specific surface area, hierarchical porosity, high conductivity and heteroatoms doping have been considered as the dominating factors of high-performance carbon-based supercapacitors. Inspired by the blue phenomenon of combination of starch and iodine, iodine is employed firstly as pore-making agent to create micropores for the starch-derived carbon in this study. Based on this mechanism, the hierarchically porous carbon is synthesized through simple solvent heating and high-temperature (1000 °C) carbonization, which achieves high specific surface area of 2989 m² g^-1 (an increase of 39.7% compared to that without iodine) and low electrical resistivity of 0.21 Ω·cm. The assembled symmetric supercapacitors, combined with dual redox-active electrolyte (Bi³⁺ and Br^-), deliver the specific capacitance of 1216 F g^-1, energy density of 65.4 Wh kg^-1, as well as power density of 787.3 W kg^-1 at 2 A g^-1. In brief, the abundant biomass resource starch is exploited as carbon source, and the iodine sublimation reaction is conducted to provide more micropores to develop high-performance electrodes of supercapacitors.

Keywords: Iodine; Pore-making agent; Starch; Supercapacitors.

MeSH terms

Biomass
Carbon*
Electric Capacitance
Iodine*
Porosity

Substances

Carbon
Iodine