Workplace Bullying Among Junior Doctors in Malaysia: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study

Ely Zarina Samsudin; Marzuki Isahak; Sanjay Rampal; Ismail Rosnah; Mohd Idzwan Zakaria

doi:10.21315/mjms2021.28.2.13

Workplace Bullying Among Junior Doctors in Malaysia: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study

Malays J Med Sci. 2021 Apr;28(2):142-156. doi: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.2.13. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Authors

Ely Zarina Samsudin¹, Marzuki Isahak², Sanjay Rampal², Ismail Rosnah³, Mohd Idzwan Zakaria⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
² Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
³ Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁴ Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Abstract

Background: Research suggests that junior doctors often experience workplace bullying, which may have adverse impacts on medical training and delivery of quality healthcare. However, evidence among local population has not been established. The present study aims to examine the prevalence of workplace bullying among Malaysian junior doctors and explore its associated sociodemographic and employment factors.

Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 government hospitals accredited for housemanship training within the central zone of Malaysia. The study included a total of 1,074 house officers who had been working for at least 6 months in various housemanship rotations. The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) was used to examine workplace bullying.

Results: The 6-month prevalence of workplace bullying among study participants was 13%. Work-related bullying such as 'being ordered to do work below your level of competence', person-related bullying such as 'being humiliated or ridiculed in connection with your work', and physically intimidating bullying such as 'being shouted at or being the target of spontaneous anger' were commonly reported by study participants. Medical officers were reported to be the commonest perpetrators of negative actions at the workplace. Study participants who graduated from Eastern European medical schools (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27, 4.07) and worked in surgical-based rotation (AOR 1.83; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.97) had higher odds of bullying compared to those who graduated from local medical schools and worked in medical-based rotation, whereas study participants with good English proficiency (AOR 0.14; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.94) had lower odds of bullying compared to those with poor English proficiency.

Conclusion: The present study shows that workplace bullying is prevalent among Malaysian junior doctors. Considering the gravity of its consequences, impactful strategies should be developed and implemented promptly in order to tackle this serious occupational hazard.

Keywords: Occupational Safety and Health; associated factors; junior doctors; prevalence; psychosocial hazard; workplace bullying.