Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) is widely used to treat patellofemoral instability. However, it is still unclear when a concomitant bony procedure is needed.
Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of isolated MPFLR for recurrent patellar lateral dislocation and to identify the prognostic factors for clinical outcomes.
Study design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
Methods: A total of 237 patients who had undergone unilateral isolated MPFLR between January 2011 and December 2016 were included. Patellar tracking (J sign) and radiologic information including patellar height, trochlear dysplasia, tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance, and patellar tilt was collected preoperatively, and the Kujala and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) functional scores were used to assess postoperative recovery. Failure was defined as redislocation or patient-reported and clinically confirmed patellar instability. The influence of radiologic features and the J sign on knee functional scores was explored via subgroup analysis. Potential prognostic factors were explored using univariate and multivariate regression analyses, and risk factors for a positive J sign were evaluated using Spearman coefficient correlation analysis.
Results: The mean ± SD follow-up period was 70.67 ± 18.05 months (range, 36-108 months). From preoperatively to final follow-up, all patients had statistically and clinically significant improvements in the Kujala score (from 51.43 ± 6.87 to 88.52 ± 4.83; P < .001) and IKDC score (from 49.78 ± 6.05 to 81.16 ± 4.20; P < .001). Subgroup analysis indicated no significant difference in functional score improvements based on radiologic features or the J sign. Overall, 20 knees (8.4%) experienced postoperative failure: 11 with redislocation and 9 with patellar instability. A preoperative positive J sign was shown to be an independent prognostic factor for postoperative failure via logistic regression analyses: univariate (odds ratio, 3.340; 95% CI, 1.316-8.480; P = .011) and multivariate (odds ratio, 3.038; 95% CI, 1.179-7.827; P = .021). In addition, the J sign was closely associated with patellar height (r S, 0.159; P = .014) and trochlear dysplasia (r S, 0.235; P < .001).
Conclusion: Isolated MPFLR appears to be an effective strategy for recurrent patellar lateral dislocation, with significant functional improvement and a low failure rate. A preoperative positive J sign was identified as a potential prognostic risk factor for postoperative failure.
Keywords: J sign; MPFLR; medial patellofemoral ligament; patellar dislocation; risk factor.
© The Author(s) 2021.