Cervical balance and clinical outcomes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated by three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and hybrid cervical surgery: A CONSORT-compliant study with minimum follow-up period of 5 years

Abstract

As the technology of combining with fusion and nonfusion procedure, cervical hybrid surgery (HS) is an efficacious alternative for treatment with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. While studies on cervical alignment between 3-level HS and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) were seldom reported. The effects of cervical imbalance on its related clinical outcomes are yet undetermined as well.Patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, who underwent 3-level ACDF or HS, were included to compare cervical alignment parameters after surgery and then explore the relationship between cervical balance and clinical outcomes.Forty-one patients with HS (HS group) and 32 patients who with ACDF (ACDF group) were reviewed from February 2007 to September 2013 with the mean follow-up of 90.3 ± 25.5 (m) and 86.3 ± 28.9 (m), respectively. Cervical alignments parameters including the C2 to C7 cervical lordosis (CL), C2 to C7 sagittal vertical axis, T1 slope. and T1SCL (T1 slope minus CL), and the clinical outcomes like neck disability index (NDI) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were measured and recorded preoperatively (PreOP), intraoperatively, and on the first preoperative day and the last follow-up (FFU). The balance and imbalance groupings were sorted based on the T1SCL: T1SCL≤20°,balance; T1SCL > 20°, imbalance.We found significant improvements (P < .001) in NDI and JOA at intraoperatively and FFU after ACDF and HS, and no difference on cervical alignment and clinical outcomes between the 2 procedures on the basis of intergroup comparisons. By between-subgroups comparisons, however, we found significant differences in CL and T1SCL at PreOP (P < .05). Nonetheless, there was no significant difference on the clinical outcomes between balance and imbalance subgroups at FFU at PreOP (P > .05), indicating that the change of T1SCL was not correlated to NDI and JOA at FFU.Both HS and ACDF groups showed significant clinical improvements after surgery. There was no correlation between cervical balance and clinical symptoms.