Synchrotron radiation and X-ray free-electron lasers (X-FELs) explained to all users, active and potential

J Synchrotron Radiat. 2021 May 1;28(Pt 3):1014-1029. doi: 10.1107/S1600577521003325. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Abstract

Synchrotron radiation evolved over one-half century into a gigantic worldwide enterprise involving tens of thousands of researchers. Initially, almost all users were physicists. But now they belong to a variety of disciplines: chemistry, materials science, the life sciences, medical research, ecology, cultural heritage and others. This poses a challenge: explaining synchrotron sources without requiring a sophisticated background in theoretical physics. Here this challenge is met with an innovative approach that only involves elementary notions, commonly possessed by scientists of all domains.

Keywords: X-FEL; ponderomotive; relativity; synchrotron.