Poly(Alizarin Red S) on pyrolytic graphite electrodes as a new multi-electronic system for sensing oxandrolone in urine

Emanuel Airton de Oliveira Farias; Nielson José Silva Furtado; Isaac Yves Lopes de Macêdo; Eric de Souza Gil; Freddy Fernandes Guimarães; Ruan Sousa Bastos; Jefferson Almeida Rocha; Lívio César Cunha Nunes; Roberto Alves de Sousa Luz; Carla Eiras

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2021.113234

Poly(Alizarin Red S) on pyrolytic graphite electrodes as a new multi-electronic system for sensing oxandrolone in urine

Biosens Bioelectron. 2021 Aug 1:185:113234. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113234. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Affiliations

¹ Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, BIOTEC, Universidade Federal Do Delta Do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil. Electronic address: emanuel16airton@gmail.com.
² Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil.
³ Faculdade de Farmácia, Goiânia, GO 74605-170, Brazil.
⁴ Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil.
⁵ Grupo de Pesquisa Em Química Medicinal e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, UFMA, São Bernardo, MA 65550-000, Brazil.
⁶ Núcleo de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil.
⁷ Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa Em Química Medicinal e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Maranhão, UFMA, São Bernardo, MA 65550-000, Brazil.
⁸ Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Novos Materiais e Sistemas Sensores - MatSens, Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil. Electronic address: eirasc@ufpi.edu.br.

PMID: 33945892
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113234

Abstract

This study presents a new polymeric and multielectronic system, the poly-Alizarin Red S (PARS), obtained from the electropolymerization of Alizarin Red S (ARS) dye on an edge-plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE) surface. During EPPGE/PARS electrochemical characterization, we identified seven stable and reversible redox peaks in acidic medium (0.10 mol L^-1, pH 1.62 KH₂PO₄), which indicated its mechanisms underlying electropolymerization and electrochemical behavior. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use an EPPGE/PARS electrode to detect oxandrolone (OXA) in artificial urine, where PARS acts as a synthetic receptor for OXA. The interactions of OXA with EPPGE/PARS as well as the properties of PARS were investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize EPPGE/PARS, and it was found that the PARS polymer formed a semi-globular phase on the EPPGE surface. The limit of detection for OXA found by the sensor was close to 0.50 nmol L^-1, with a recovery rate of approximately 100% in artificial urine. In addition to the application proposed in this study, EPPGE/PARS is a low-cost product that could be applied in several devices and processes, such as supercapacitors and electrocatalysis.

Keywords: Anabolic hormones; Dye; Electrochemistry; Multielectronic system; Sensors.

MeSH terms

Anthraquinones
Biosensing Techniques*
Electrodes
Electronics
Graphite*
Oxandrolone

Substances

Anthraquinones
Alizarin Red S
Graphite
Oxandrolone