GABA enhancement by simple carbohydrates in yoghurt fermented using novel, self-cloned Lactobacillus plantarum Taj-Apis362 and metabolomics profiling

Sci Rep. 2021 May 3;11(1):9417. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88436-9.

Abstract

This study aimed to enhance natural gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) production in yoghurt by the addition of simple sugars and commercial prebiotics without the need for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) cofactor. The simple sugars induced more GABA production (42.83-58.56 mg/100 g) compared to the prebiotics (34.19-40.51 mg/100 g), with glucose promoting the most GABA production in yoghurt (58.56 mg/100 g) surpassing the control sample with added PLP (48.01 mg/100 g). The yoghurt prepared with glucose also had the highest probiotic count (9.31 log CFU/g). Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of this GABA-rich yoghurt showed a non-significant reduction in GABA content and probiotic viability, demonstrating the resistance towards a highly acidic environment (pH 1.2). Refrigerated storage up to 28 days improved GABA production (83.65 mg/100 g) compared to fresh GABA-rich yoghurt prepared on day 1. In conclusion, the addition of glucose successfully mitigates the over-use of glutamate and omits the use of PLP for increased production of GABA in yoghurt, offering an economical approach to produce a probiotic-rich dairy food with potential anti-hypertensive effects.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Glucose / metabolism*
  • Glutamic Acid / metabolism
  • Lactobacillus plantarum / genetics
  • Lactobacillus plantarum / growth & development
  • Lactobacillus plantarum / metabolism*
  • Metabolomics
  • Monosaccharides / metabolism*
  • Prebiotics
  • Probiotics
  • Yogurt / microbiology*
  • gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / biosynthesis*

Substances

  • Monosaccharides
  • Prebiotics
  • Glutamic Acid
  • gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
  • Glucose