Cutaneous foreign body microemboli-induced occlusive vasculopathy: A complication of illicit intravenous injection of oral opioid tablets

J Cutan Pathol. 2021 Sep;48(9):1173-1177. doi: 10.1111/cup.14039. Epub 2021 May 12.

Abstract

Occlusive nonvasculitic vasculopathy is a process characterized clinically by retiform purpura and potential ulceration and necrosis of affected areas, secondary to blockage of small vessels without associated inflammatory vasculitis. Intravascular injection of foreign material is known to cause distal ischemia and necrosis due to thrombosis, local vasoconstriction, or microemboli formation. A 27-year-old male presented with retiform purpura and worsening distal fingertip necrosis of the right upper extremity accompanied by suspicious intravascular polarizable foreign material identified on skin, muscle, and vascular biopsies. We report a case that highlights concerning complications and dermatopathologic findings of intravascular injection of oral opioid tablets.

Keywords: foreign body microemboli; opioid; overdose; substance abuse; vasculopathy; vaso-occlusion.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage
  • Analgesics, Opioid / adverse effects*
  • Biopsy
  • Embolism / diagnosis*
  • Embolism / etiology
  • Fasciotomy / methods
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Fingers / pathology
  • Foreign Bodies / diagnosis
  • Foreign-Body Reaction / diagnosis
  • Foreign-Body Reaction / surgery
  • Humans
  • Injections, Intravenous
  • Male
  • Necrosis / diagnosis
  • Necrosis / etiology
  • Patient Compliance / psychology
  • Purpura / diagnosis
  • Purpura / etiology
  • Skin / pathology
  • Skin Diseases, Vascular / pathology*
  • Substance-Related Disorders / complications
  • Substance-Related Disorders / pathology
  • Tablets / administration & dosage
  • Vasculitis / pathology*
  • Vasculitis / surgery

Substances

  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Tablets