Head CT in centenarians: emergency and non-emergency findings

Abstract

Introduction: Our retrospective study evaluates head CTs performed in our Hospital in the last 11 years (2009-2019) in centenarian patients.

Objectives: To estimate the correlation between reasons for examination and CT findings in emergency and to evaluate if there was the expected involution of the brain by analyzing some non-emergency neuroradiological parameters (NENP).

Material and methods: 62 Head CTs performed on patients aged 100 and over were reviewed. They were evaluated emergency CT findings and NENP (leukoencephalopathy, enlargement of the ventricular volume, presence of vascular calcifications). For comparison, NENP were also assessed in two relatively younger populations of 62 patients aged between 65-70 (called "65-70") and 85-90 ("85-90").

Results: In cases of suspected traumatic brain lesions, 11.9% (n = 5/42) of centenarians showed a cerebral bleeding; as concerns suspected stroke we found a higher concordance between clinical suspicion and CT features, 46.6% (n = 7/15). As regards NENP, no significant differences were found with respect to the "85-90" population in terms of severity of leukoencephalopathy, enlargement of the ventricular volume and presence of vascular calcifications.

Conclusions: In emergency, CT plays a pivotal role in defining an immediate diagnosis and from a medico-legal point of view, resulting together with clinical observation the main strategy in the management of centenarians. By the analysis of NENP we may support that centenarians' brains on CT are similar to those of "85-90".

Keywords: Brain; Centenarian; Computed tomography; Emergency; Geriatrics.