In Vitro Antibacterial, Antifungal, Nematocidal and Growth Promoting Activities of Trichoderma hamatum FB10 and Its Secondary Metabolites

Alaa Baazeem; Abdulaziz Almanea; Palanisamy Manikandan; Mohammed Alorabi; Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan; Ahmed Abdel-Hadi

doi:10.3390/jof7050331

In Vitro Antibacterial, Antifungal, Nematocidal and Growth Promoting Activities of Trichoderma hamatum FB10 and Its Secondary Metabolites

J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Apr 24;7(5):331. doi: 10.3390/jof7050331.

Authors

Alaa Baazeem¹, Abdulaziz Almanea², Palanisamy Manikandan^{3

4}, Mohammed Alorabi⁵, Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan⁶, Ahmed Abdel-Hadi^{3

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
² Section of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory, King Saud Hospital, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmmah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Greenlink Analytical and Research Laboratory (India) Private Limited, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁵ Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Bioprocess Engineering Division, Smykon Biotech, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari 629201, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁷ Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524 Assiut, Egypt.

Abstract

Microbial natural biocides have attracted much more attention in recent years in order to avoid the unrestricted use of chemical biocides in the environment. The aim of this study is to analyze the antibacterial and antifungal activities of secondary metabolites and growth promoting, nematicidal, and soil enzyme activity mediated by Trichoderma hamatum FB10. The bactericidal and fungicidal activities were performed using cell-free extract. Results revealed that the selected strain exert antibacterial activity against Acidovorax avenae, Erutimacarafavora, and Xanthomonas campestris. The selected fungal strain FB10 showed antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens such as, S. sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria radicina, Alternaria citri, and Alternaria dauci. Among the bacterial pathogens, A. avenae showed least MIC (30 ± 2.5 µg/mL) and MBC (70 ± 1.25 µg/mL) values. T. hamatum FB10 strain synthesized bioactive volatile secondary metabolite, which effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria and fungi and indicated the presence of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone as the major compound (67.05%). The secondary metabolite synthesized by T. hamatum FB10 showed nematicidal activity against M. incognita eggs. Egg hatch inhibition was 78 ± 2.6% and juvenile stage mortality rate was 89 ± 2.5% when the strain FB10 was treated with nematode. The cell free extract of T. hamatum FB10 showed protease, amylase, cellulase, chitinase, glucanase activities. T. hamatum FB10 inoculated with green gram increased 11% plant height, compared to the control. The fresh weight of the experimental group inoculated with T. hamatum FB10 increased 33.6% more compared to the control group. The green gram seedlings inoculated with T. hamatum FB10 increased 18% more dry weight than control group. Soil enzymes such as, urease, phosphatase, catalase and saccharase were improved in the soil inoculated with T. hamatum FB10. These biochemical components play potent role in soil fertility, energy conversion, and in soil organic matter conversion.

Keywords: Trichoderma hamatum FB10; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; biological control; cell free extract; soil enzymes; volatile compounds.