Mechanical Thrombectomy in Stroke. Experience from Switching from Stent Retriever Only to Stent Retriever Combined with Aspiration Catheter

Grzegorz Meder; Paweł Żuchowski; Wojciech Skura; Violetta Palacz-Duda; Milena Świtońska; Magdalena Nowaczewska; Paweł Sokal

doi:10.3390/jcm10091802

Mechanical Thrombectomy in Stroke. Experience from Switching from Stent Retriever Only to Stent Retriever Combined with Aspiration Catheter

J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 21;10(9):1802. doi: 10.3390/jcm10091802.

Authors

Grzegorz Meder¹, Paweł Żuchowski², Wojciech Skura¹, Violetta Palacz-Duda³, Milena Świtońska^{3

4}, Magdalena Nowaczewska⁵, Paweł Sokal⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Interventional Radiology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Ujejskiego 75 Street, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
² Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Ujejskiego 75 Street, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
³ Stroke Intervention Centre, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Ujejskiego 75 Street, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
⁴ Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Ujejskiego 75 Street, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
⁵ Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Laryngological Oncology, Ludwik, Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Abstract

Endovascular treatment is a rapidly evolving technique; therefore, there is a constant need to evaluate this method and its modifications. This paper discusses a single-center experience and the results of switching from the stent retriever only (SO) mechanical thrombectomy (MT) to the combined approach (CA), with a stent retriever and aspiration catheters.

Methods: The study involved a retrospective analysis of 70 patients undergoing MT with the use of either SO or CA. The primary endpoint was the frequency of perfect reperfusion defined as grade 3 of the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale (mTICI) after the first pass. The secondary endpoints were the procedure success, defined as mTICI grades 2b-3; time of the procedure; clinical outcome, measured by 90 days' modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score; Δ NIHSS, defined as the difference between National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at patients' admission and discharge; and the total number of device passes.

Results: Out of the 70 patients included, 33 were treated with SO and 37 with CA. In both groups, a total number of 42 patients received intravenous recombined tissue plasminogen activator (iv-rTPA: 20 patients (60.6%) in the SO group and 22 patients (59.5%) in the CA group (p = 1.000). There was a significant difference between the groups regarding first-pass success rate, with 46% in the CA group and 18% in the SO group, (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.28 to 11.44, p = 0.016). Complete procedure success tended to be more frequent in the CA group than in the SO group-94.6% vs. 84.8% (OR 3.13, 95% CI 0.56 to 17.34, p = 0.193)-and CA tended to require a lower number of passes than SO (mean 1.76 vs. 2.09 passes per procedure, p = 0.114), yet these differences did not reach statistical significance. Mean duration of the procedure was significantly shorter in the CA group than in the SO group (49 min vs. 64 min, p = 0.017). There was a significant difference in clinical outcomes, with higher Δ NIHSS (9.3 in the CA group vs. 6.7 in the SO group, p = 0.025) after the procedure and 90-day mRS (median 2 in the CA group vs. 4 in the SO group, p = 0.031).

Conclusions: Combining stent retrievers with aspiration catheters may offer a beneficial effect on angiographic results and clinical outcomes in stroke patients undergoing endovascular treatment.

Keywords: aspiration catheter; first pass effect; ischemic stroke; large vessel occlusion; mechanical thrombectomy; stent retriever; stentriever.