Abstract
Pathogens have evolved smart strategies to invade hosts and hijack their immune responses. One such strategy is the targeting of the host RhoGTPases by toxins or virulence factors to hijack the cytoskeleton dynamic and immune processes. In response to this microbial attack, the host has evolved an elegant strategy to monitor the function of virulence factors and toxins by sensing the abnormal activity of RhoGTPases. This innate immune strategy of sensing bacterial effector targeting RhoGTPase appears to be a bona fide example of effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Here, we review recently discovered mechanisms by which the host can sense the activity of these toxins through NOD and NOD-like receptors (NLRs).
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Bacteria / immunology*
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Bacterial Toxins / metabolism
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Cytoskeleton / immunology
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Immunity, Innate
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Inflammasomes / immunology*
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NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein / metabolism*
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NLR Proteins / metabolism*
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Pyrin / metabolism
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Signal Transduction*
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Virulence Factors / metabolism*
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rho GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
Substances
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Bacterial Toxins
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Inflammasomes
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NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
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NLR Proteins
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Pyrin
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Virulence Factors
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rho GTP-Binding Proteins
Grants and funding
This work was supported by grants from Inserm (
inserm.fr), Université Côte d’Azur (
univ-cotedazur.fr), ANR (
anr.fr) (ANR-17-CE15-0001) to L.B.. O.D. is supported by a fellowship from Inserm and Université Côte d’Azur. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.