Rapid removal of radioactive strontium from nuclear wastewater is of great significance for environmental safety and human health. This work reports the effective adsorption of strontium ion in a stable dual-group metal-organic framework, Zr6(OH)14(BDC-(COOH)2)4(SO4)0.75 (Zr-BDC-COOH-SO4), which contains strontium-chelating groups (-COOH and SO4) and a strongly ionizable group (-COOH). Zr-BDC-COOH-SO4 exhibits very rapid adsorption kinetics (<5 min) and a maximum adsorption capacity of 67.5 mg g-1. The adsorption behaviors can be well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Further investigations indicate that the adsorption of Sr2+ onto Zr-BDC-COOH-SO4 would not be obviously affected by solution pH and adsorption temperature. The feasible regeneration of the adsorbent was also demonstrated using a simple elution method. Mechanism investigation suggests that free -COOH contributes to the rapid adsorption based on electrostatic interaction, while the introduction of -SO4 significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity. Thus, these results suggest that Zr-BDC-COOH-SO4 is a potential candidate for Sr2+ removal. They also introduce dual groups as an effective strategy for designing high-efficiency adsorbents.