Effective Learning Behavior in Problem-Based Learning: a Scoping Review

Azril Shahreez Abdul Ghani; Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rahim; Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff; Siti Nurma Hanim Hadie

doi:10.1007/s40670-021-01292-0

Effective Learning Behavior in Problem-Based Learning: a Scoping Review

Med Sci Educ. 2021 Apr 21;31(3):1199-1211. doi: 10.1007/s40670-021-01292-0. eCollection 2021 Jun.

Authors

Azril Shahreez Abdul Ghani^{1

2}, Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rahim², Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff², Siti Nurma Hanim Hadie³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyah of Medicine, Bandar Indera Mahkota Campus, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200 Pahang Malaysia.
² Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, 16150 Kelantan Malaysia.
³ Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia.

Abstract

Problem-based learning (PBL) emphasizes learning behavior that leads to critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and collaborative skills in preparing students for a professional medical career. However, learning behavior that develops these skills has not been systematically described. This review aimed to unearth the elements of effective learning behavior in a PBL context, using the protocol by Arksey and O'Malley. The protocol identified the research question, selected relevant studies, charted and collected data, and collated, summarized, and reported results. We discovered three categories of elements-intrinsic empowerment, entrustment, and functional skills-proven effective in the achievement of learning outcomes in PBL.

Keywords: Academic outcomes; Effective learning behavior; Higher education; Problem-based learning; Student behavior.

Publication types

Review