Methanotrophs are important and unique prokaryotes widely distributed in the nature. They can oxidize methane and live at a moderate temperature in the conditions withpH=7. In addition, many methanotrophs have been isolated from various special conditions within a wide range of pH value and temperature, including acid sphagnum moss wetlands, acid forest soils, hot springs and high-temperature geothermal areas near volcanic craters, soda-saline lakes, and marine sediments. Here, we introduced the classification, properties and influencing factors of methanotrophs in these special conditions, and reviewed relevant technological researches and engineering applications, with the aim to facilitate further studies of natural biodiversity as well as global carbon and hydrogen cycles.
甲烷氧化菌在自然界中广泛分布,是一类独特的原核生物,同时也是环境中甲烷气体的重要生物过滤器。其生存环境不仅仅局限于普通的中性中温条件,现已从酸性泥炭藓沼泽湿地、酸性森林土壤、温泉及火山口附近的高温地热区域、苏打盐碱型湖泊及海洋沉积物等pH、温度范围较宽的多种特殊环境中被分离出来。本文详细阐述了特殊环境中甲烷氧化菌的分类、性质和影响因素,并总结了甲烷氧化菌的工程应用和研究技术,旨在为环境生物多样性和全球碳、氢循环的深入研究提供参考。.
Keywords: Proteobacteria; Verrucomicrobia; extreme condition; methanotrophs; specific environment.