We compared the effects of the first-, second- and third-generation antihistamines in different doses on enzyme activity and cytokine production by macrophages and their death using an in vitro model. It was found that decreasing the dose led to an increase in the number of viable cells; after contact with second-generation antihistamines (loratadine, desloratadine), apoptosis of macrophages predominated. A dose-dependent increase in activity of ATPase and 5'-AMP with less pronounced effect of second-generation drugs was revealed. It was shown that under the influence of drugs, macrophages do not produce IL-1β, but actively synthesize TNFα and IL-10, which indicates the immunomodulatory properties of these drugs.
Keywords: allergic diseases; antihistamines; enzymes; macrophages.