Social contact behaviors are associated with infection status for Trichuris sp. in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)

PLoS One. 2021 Apr 21;16(4):e0240872. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240872. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Social grooming in the animal kingdom is common and serves several functions, from removing ectoparasites to maintaining social bonds between conspecifics. We examined whether time spent grooming with others in a highly social mammal species was associated with infection status for gastrointestinal parasites. Of six parasites detected, one (Trichuris sp.) was associated with social grooming behaviors, but more specifically with direct physical contact with others. Individuals infected with Trichuris sp. spent significantly less time grooming conspecifics than those not infected, and time in direct contact with others was the major predictor of infection status. One model correctly predicted infection status for Trichuris sp. with a reliability of 95.17% overall when the variables used were time spent in direct contact and time spent grooming others. This decrease in time spent grooming and interacting with others is likely a sickness behavior displayed by individuals with less energy or motivation for non-essential behaviors. This study emphasizes the possible links between host behavior and parasitic infections and highlights the need for an understanding of a study population's parasitic infections when attempting to interpret animal behavior.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Behavior, Animal / physiology*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Chlorocebus aethiops / parasitology*
  • Chlorocebus aethiops / physiology*
  • Female
  • Grooming / physiology
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / parasitology
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / physiopathology
  • Male
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Social Behavior
  • Trichuriasis / physiopathology
  • Trichuris / pathogenicity*

Grants and funding

BW received funding for this study from Wenner-Gren Foundation (grant #7841), L.S.B. Leakey Foundation (grant #203294), Purdue University Dept. of Anthropology, Purdue Research Foundation, and University of South Africa. T.R. Gillespie was funded by Emory University to support laboratory analyses. J. Camp was funded by Purdue University's Dept. of Comparative Pathobiology to support laboratory analyses. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.