Objective: To explore the risk factors of low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after cardiac valvular surgery in elderly patients with valvular disease complicated with giant left ventricle. Methods: This was a retrospective study. The clinical data of patients over 60 years old with giant left ventricle who underwent cardiac valvular surgery in Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital) from January 2016 to January 2020 were collected in this study. Patients were divided into LCOS group and non-LCOS group. The clinical data, preoperative echocardiographic results and surgical data of all patients were collected. Taking LCOS as dependent variable and statistically significant variables in univariate analysis as independent variable, multivariate logistic regression equation was constructed to identify the risk factors of LCOS after cardiac valvular surgery in elderly patients with valvular disease complicated with giant left ventricle. On the basis of logistic regression, the risk factors of continuous variables were put into the regression model for trend test. Results: A total of 112 patients were included, among whom 76 patients were male, the mean age was (65.3±3.8) years. There were 21 cases in LCOS group and 91 cases in non LCOS group. Univariate analysis showed that age≥70 years, preoperative NYHA cardiac function class Ⅳ, preoperative renal dysfunction, preoperative cerebrovascular disease, preoperative LVEF<40%, blood loss/total blood volume>20%, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time>130 minutes and aortic cross-clamp time>90 minutes all had statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥70 years (OR=5.067, 95%CI 1.320-19.456, P=0.018), preoperative NYHA cardiac function class Ⅳ (OR=3.100, 95%CI 1.026-9.368, P=0.045), renal dysfunction (OR=3.627, 95%CI 1.018-12.926, P=0.047), CPB time>130 minutes (OR=4.539, 95%CI 1.483-13.887, P=0.008) were the independent risk factors of LCOS after cardiac valvular surgery in elderly patients with giant left ventricle. Risk of LCOS was significantly higher in patients aged from 65 to 70 years (OR=1.784, 95%CI 0.581-5.476) and aged 70 years and above (OR=4.400, 95%CI 1.171-16.531) than in patients aged from 60 to 65 years. The trend test results showed that the risk of LCOS increased significantly in proportion with the increase of age (P for trend=0.024). Risk of LCOS was significantly higher in patients with CPB time between 90 and 110 minutes (OR=1.917, 95%CI 0.356-10.322), 110 and 130 minutes (OR=1.437, 95%CI 0.114-18.076) and 130 minutes and above (OR=5.750, 95%CI 1.158-28.551) than in patients with CPB time ≤ 90 minutes (P for trend=0.009). Conclusions: The risk factors of LCOS after cardiac valvular surgery are age≥70 years, preoperative NYHA cardiac function class Ⅳ, renal dysfunction, CPB time>130 minutes in elderly patients with giant left ventricle.
目的： 探讨合并巨大左心室的老年心脏瓣膜病患者心脏瓣膜术后发生低心排综合征（LCOS）的危险因素。 方法： 本研究为回顾性研究，收集2016年1月至2020年1月在河南省人民医院（阜外华中心血管病医院）行心脏瓣膜术且年龄≥60岁、合并巨大左心室的心脏瓣膜病患者。根据术后是否发生LCOS，将患者分为LCOS组和非LCOS组。收集纳入患者的临床资料及术前超声心动图检测结果、手术资料。以是否发生LCOS为因变量，单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量为自变量，构建多因素logistic回归方程，分析合并巨大左心室的老年心脏瓣膜病患者术后发生LCOS的危险因素。为分析连续型变量的变化趋势对术后LCOS发生风险的影响，在危险因素中取连续型变量放入回归模型中进行趋势性检验。 结果： 本研究共纳入112例患者，其中男性76例，年龄（65.3±3.8）岁。LCOS组21例，非LCOS组91例。单因素分析结果显示，两组间年龄≥70岁、术前NYHA心功能Ⅳ级、合并肾功能不全及脑血管疾病、术前LVEF<40%、失血量/总血容量>20%、体外循环时间>130 min、主动脉阻断时间>90 min患者的比例，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄≥70岁（OR=5.067，95%CI 1.320~19.456，P=0.018）、术前纽约心脏病协会（NYHA）心功能Ⅳ级（OR=3.100，95%CI 1.026~9.368，P=0.045）、合并肾功能不全（OR=3.627，95%CI 1.018~12.926，P=0.047）、体外循环时间>130 min（OR=4.539，95%CI 1.483~13.887，P=0.008）是合并巨大左心室的老年心脏瓣膜病患者心脏瓣膜术后发生LCOS的独立危险因素。与60~<65岁患者比较，65~<70岁（OR=1.784，95%CI 0.581~5.476）与≥70岁（OR=4.400，95%CI 1.171~16.531）者术后发生LCOS风险升高；随年龄增加，LCOS发生风险呈上升趋势（趋势检验P=0.024）。与体外循环时间≤90 min患者比较，>90~110 min（OR=1.917，95%CI 0.356~10.322）、>110~130 min（OR=1.437，95%CI 0.114~18.076）及>130 min（OR=5.750，95%CI 1.158~28.551）患者术后发生LCOS风险更高；随体外循环时间变化，术后LCOS发生风险差异有统计学意义（趋势检验P=0.009）。 结论： 年龄≥70岁、术前NYHA心功能Ⅳ级、合并肾功能不全、体外循环时间>130 min是合并巨大左心室的老年心脏瓣膜病患者心脏瓣膜术后发生LCOS的危险因素。.